Psychological characteristics of the elderly of the third age

Abstract

The article examines the psychological characteristics of elderly individuals, specifically those in the "third age" category. Today, one-third of the population is of retirement age, and this segment is growing annually. Some retirees experience destructive personality changes, while others maintain personal integrity. This study aims to identify the mental traits of elderly individuals who preserve such integrity. We analyzed changes in intellectual abilities, the impact of health on quality of life, and the importance of life meaning for the elderly. Our findings suggest that individuals showing personal integrity fit into the "third age" phase, defined as the retirement period up to any loss of legal capacity, where full self-realization is possible. This phase is marked by a capacity to create a new identity, distinct from typical elderly stereotypes. Key factors in forming this identity include the ability to resist negative aging stereotypes and a robust internal motivation to assume responsibility for past accomplishments. Our study concludes that psychological traits of third-age individuals include a strong sense of life purpose, good health, positive self-esteem, as well as well-maintained fluid intelligence and developed crystallized intelligence.