Diversitatea plantei parazite Lupoaia pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova

Abstract

In the conditions of climate change, there is an alarming increase in the diversity of phytopathogenic species and their distribution to new areas, a fact that seriously affects natural and agricultural ecosystems. The specie Orobanche cumana Wallr. (sunflower broomrape) presents a high level of diversity and it is characterized by the existence of a series of biotypes with different virulence (races). Studying of the diversity of broomrape races is important for understanding the mechanisms of parasite evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. Analyzing the chronology of the appearance of sunflower broomrape races on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, we conclude that until the 2000s, the situation was relatively stable, the most aggressive being race E, while in the following period, the development of O. cumana and appearance of new, more aggressive and virulent biotypes became much faster. New races gained a dominant position and practically replaced the old biotypes. In this context, it is essential to analyze agricultural practices and identify sustainable solutions, develop procedures for monitoring the current state of parasite, develop appropriate risk mitigation procedures, such as decontamination, quarantine, as well as the protocols of certification etc.