Condiţii şi forme de dezvoltare a limbajului şi a comunicării copiilor de vârstă preșcolară

Abstract

Language, communication, and literacy represent primary conditions for the global development of the individual and coexistence in society. Children communicate before they can use symbolic language. Their communication is based on the acquisition of an important set of skills, such as awareness of language as a social convention, listening, understanding, and verbal conversation. The child, through interaction, becomes familiar with the multiple forms and intentions of communication. As since early childhood, the acquisitions in this field are produced in stages or steps, and their quality and quantity are cornerstones for the construction of human development, we are interested in the particularities of language and communication development in preschoolers, including their communication problems and forms of overcoming speech defects. In the process of communication with adults, children's selective attitude towards adults appears. The child's attitude towards the educator depends on his communication style. The democratic style, the emotional-positive tone, demanding, but full of confidence towards the children, cause them to trust and be sincere in their communication with the educator. Autocratic communication style (exaggerated demands, angry tone, mistrust towards children) or indifferent style (inattention to children, lack of emotional nuance of communication) causes children negative emotions, aggressiveness, and lack of sincerity. Communication with children of the same age plays an important role in the formation of the preschooler's personality. Towards the end of early childhood - the beginning of preschool age, the separate contacts between children are systematized and constitute an integral and independent activity - communication with peers, which is carried out in the following forms: emotional-practical, situational-constructive, non-situational-constructive. The purpose of the research consists in documenting and describing the peculiarities of language development and verbal communication in preschool children, including speech deficiencies, presenting the correct and complex organization of interactive activities in this field, based on the implementation of modern methodology in education, oriented towards language compensation and teaching children to properly master the treasures of the mother tongue.