Структура и разнообразие прокариотного сообщества карбонатного чернозема в длительном полевом опыте с органическими удобрениями

Abstract

The analysis of the influence of long-term use of organic fertilizers (direct effect of manure) on the taxonomic structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities in the chernozem carbonate of Moldova was carried out for the first time using next-generation sequencing. The topsoil (0-20 cm) in field crop rotation was studied. In the variants with organic fertilization, 15 phyla were detected: 2 archaeal phyla and 13 bacterial phyla; in the variant without the use of fertilizers – only 13 phyla: 2 archaeal phyla and 11 bacterial phyla. Most of the prokaryotic community in the soil consists of the following bacterial phyla: Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, Myxococcota, Nitrospirota, Gemmatimonadota; Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated; among the Archaea, the phylum Nitrososphaerota (Thaumarchaeota) dominated. The less represented phyla were: Cyanobacteria, Fibrobacterota, Halobacterota (Archaea), Chloroflexi. Cyanobacteria and Fibrobacterota were identified only in the variants with manure (in the soil layer 0-20 cm). The share of dominant phyla, with the exception of Firmicutes, increased significantly in the variant with manure. The diversity of prokaryotic communities was assessed using ecological indices: Simpson, Shannon, Pielou, Margalef, Menhinick, Williams. In the variant with manure, all ecological indices studied indicate a greater diversity.