Rolul tumulilor în cadrul ritualului funerar al turanicilor

Abstract

An issue often addressed in the historiography of steppe nomadic research is the significance and role of mounds raised above graves. Out of the total of 564 tombs researched on the territory of the eastern Carpathians, 548 were discovered in mounds of 313 tumuli, and only 16 graves were found outside some streams. According to the data, 97.19% of the complex were tumuli, which is characteristic of the late nomads from all over the European steppe. At the same time, the flat necropolises are practically missing, which would date before the arrival of the Mongols. Most of the tombs of the Turanians were deposited in the existing mounds, built by their predecessors, nomads from different eras and historical periods and only 7 mounds (3%) of the Carpatho-Dniester area belong to the Turanian populations from the 10-14 centuries. In all cases, the mounds of the turanics are built only of plain soil, the presence of stones, wood, ditches or other architectural elements have not been recorded. In the mantles, in many cases, information was kept about the ritual procession and the procession. The number and location of the Turanian funerary complexes on the eastern territory of the Carpathians, help to establish the stages of migration in which the nomads from this region were. Most of the graves can be attributed to Turkish migrants in the first stage. This first phase is characterized by single flat burials or older mounds, in which the process of seizing new territories takes place. In the second stage, nomadic pastoralists establish their places of residence for certain periods of the year. The tumuli are scattered evenly in all areas, the number of mounds in the localities being different.