Atașamentul securizant prin prisma cercetărilor în domeniul neuroștiinței

Abstract

Having a cardinal position in the evolution of the Homo sapiens species, attachment theory identifies and explains why early interactions with primary attachment figures have such a significant and lasting effect on the formation and development of the human personality, imprinting the entire existence, from the moment of the individual's appearance and until the last awareness around the great pass. Attachment is the persistent emotional bond that forms between two individuals, the attachment figure representing a "safe base" from which the individual can relatively independently explore the surrounding world, a phenomenon that provides security and confidence. Attachment theory is consistent with current research in neuroscience, which is still a relatively recently explored area of research. Going through the existential stages, man, an eminently social being, feels the need for interconnection and attachment with (and by) others, a fact that specifically builds his neural structure, his attitude in dealing with stressful situations, as well as his entire emotional life. Of the many branches of neuroscience in this article, we specifically refer to two of them, namely affective and social neuroscience. Affective neuroscience is the object of study of the neural mechanisms involved in emotion, based on tests and experiences on animal models. Mirror neurons, discovered in the premotor frontal cortex, and subsequently 82 found in the inferior parietal lobe, suggest that they are the neural basis of imitative behaviors, essential in the early (but even later ontogenetic) acquisition of a wide range of skills, to elementary motor ones to complex ones, such as deciphering facial or prosodic emotional expressions, in the context of intentionality and empathy, suggesting the presence of a first-rate role in the emergence and cultivation of secure attachment. Social neuroscience is oriented toward understanding the relationship between social experiences and biological systems. Studies in this area demonstrate that activity in the hypothalamus was positively correlated with peripheral oxytocin levels in mother-infant interaction, being generally lower in avoidantly attached mothers and higher in securely attached mothers.